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Five-kingdom classification; Monera, Protista, Fungi, lichens, viruses and viroids: NEET MCQs with answers

109 questions on this topic of Diversity in Living World (NEET 2027 syllabus). Here are 12; tap one to see its answer and explanation.

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easy

1. Heterocysts found in certain filamentous cyanobacteria like Nostoc and Anabaena are specialized cells exclusively meant for:

  1. Sexual reproduction
  2. Nitrogen fixation
  3. Food storage
  4. Motility
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Answer: (B) Nitrogen fixation

Heterocysts are specialized, thick-walled, non-photosynthetic cells in cyanobacteria such as Nostoc and Anabaena that create anaerobic conditions required for the nitrogenase enzyme to fix atmospheric nitrogen.

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2. Read the following statements regarding viruses: (a) A virus is a nucleoprotein where the genetic material is infectious. (b) Viruses that infect plants generally possess double-stranded RNA. (c) In animals, viruses may have single- or double-stranded RNA or double-stranded DNA. (d) Bacterial viruses usually have single-stranded DNA. Which of the above statements are correct?

  1. (a) and (b) only
  2. (a) and (c) only
  3. (b) and (d) only
  4. (a), (c) and (d) only
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) (a) and (c) only

According to NCERT, viruses infecting plants generally have single-stranded RNA (making b incorrect), while bacteriophages generally possess double-stranded DNA (making d incorrect). Statements (a) and (c) are completely correct.

hard

3. Given below are two statements. Statement I: Euglenoids behave like heterotrophs when deprived of sunlight. Statement II: Dinoflagellates are mostly fresh-water organisms without cell walls. Choose the correct answer.

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
  2. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
  3. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
  4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

Euglenoids become heterotrophic without light. Dinoflagellates are mostly marine and have stiff cellulose plates; it is euglenoids that lack a cell wall.

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4. Consider the following protozoan parasites and their locomotory structures/features: 1. Trypanosoma - Flagellated protozoan causing sleeping sickness 2. Amoeba - Pseudopodia for locomotion and capturing prey 3. Paramoecium - Thousands of cilia driving food into gullet How many of the above statements are correct?

  1. None
  2. Only one
  3. Only two
  4. All three
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Answer: (D) All three

All three statements are correct. Trypanosoma is a flagellated protozoan causing sleeping sickness, Amoeba moves via pseudopodia (amoeboid protozoan), and Paramoecium utilizes thousands of coordinated cilia (ciliated protozoan) to direct food into its gullet.

easy

5. Which of the following organisms completely lack a cell wall and are the smallest living cells known that can survive without oxygen?

  1. Nostoc
  2. Bacillus
  3. Mycoplasma
  4. Methanococcus
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Answer: (C) Mycoplasma

According to NCERT, Mycoplasma are organisms that completely lack a cell wall. They are the smallest known living cells and can survive even in the complete absence of oxygen.

hard

6. In Basidiomycetes, plasmogamy is brought about by:

  1. Fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes
  2. Fusion of motile gametes
  3. Fusion of an antheridium and oogonium
  4. Asexual spores
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Answer: (A) Fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes

Sex organs are absent; plasmogamy occurs by fusion of two somatic cells, and basidiospores are produced exogenously on the basidium.

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7. Given below are two statements: Statement I: Euglenoids behave as autotrophs in the presence of sunlight, but when deprived of sunlight, they act as heterotrophs by predating on smaller organisms. Statement II: The pigments of euglenoids are distinct and unrelated to those present in higher plants. In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
  2. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
  3. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
  4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

Statement I is correct as euglenoids possess mixotrophic nutrition. Statement II is incorrect because the photosynthetic pigments of euglenoids are identical to those found in higher plants (chlorophyll a and b).

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8. Cyanobacteria such as Nostoc and Anabaena fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called:

  1. Hormogonia
  2. Akinetes
  3. Heterocysts
  4. Mesosomes
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Answer: (C) Heterocysts

Heterocysts are specialised thick-walled cells in which colonial filamentous cyanobacteria like Nostoc and Anabaena fix atmospheric nitrogen.

NCERT Class 11

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9. The "red tides" in the sea are caused by rapid multiplication of:

  1. Euglena
  2. Gonyaulax
  3. Nostoc
  4. Diatoms
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Answer: (B) Gonyaulax

Red dinoflagellates such as Gonyaulax multiply so rapidly that the sea appears red. Their toxins may even kill other marine animals such as fishes.

NCERT Class 11

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10. Match List-I with List-II regarding the types of spores and the fungi in which they are typically produced: List-I A. Basidiospores B. Ascospores C. Zoospores D. Conidia List-II I. Albugo II. Penicillium III. Agaricus IV. Neurospora

  1. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
  2. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
  3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
  4. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
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Answer: (A) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Basidiospores are sexually produced in Agaricus (Basidiomycete); ascospores are sexually produced inside asci in Neurospora (Ascomycete); zoospores are asexual motile spores in Albugo (Phycomycete); conidia are asexual non-motile spores in Penicillium (Ascomycete).

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11. Diatoms are called the chief 'producers' in the:

  1. Forests
  2. Deserts
  3. Oceans
  4. Hot springs
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Answer: (C) Oceans

Diatoms are the chief producers in the oceans.

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12. Lichens are good indicators of pollution because they:

  1. Grow luxuriantly in polluted areas
  2. Do not grow in polluted areas
  3. Absorb sulphur dioxide and convert it to sugar
  4. Fix atmospheric nitrogen
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Answer: (B) Do not grow in polluted areas

Lichens are symbiotic associations of algae (phycobiont) and fungi (mycobiont). They are very sensitive to pollution and do not grow in polluted areas.

NCERT Class 11

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