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Neural control and coordination: NEET MCQs with answers

135 questions on this topic of Human Physiology (NEET 2027 syllabus). Here are 12; tap one to see its answer and explanation.

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easy

1. Gaps between two adjacent myelin sheaths on an axon are designated as:

  1. Nodes of Ranvier
  2. Synaptic clefts
  3. Nissl's junctions
  4. Axon hillocks
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Answer: (A) Nodes of Ranvier

Myelinated nerve fibres are enveloped with Schwann cells, which form a myelin sheath around the axon. The gaps between two adjacent myelin sheaths are called nodes of Ranvier.

medium

2. Match the type of neuron with its location. Column-I: (A) Multipolar (B) Bipolar (C) Unipolar Column-II: (i) Usually in the embryonic stage (ii) Cerebral cortex (iii) Retina of the eye

  1. A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(i)
  2. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i)
  3. A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii)
  4. A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii)
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Answer: (A) A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(i)

Multipolar neurons occur in the cerebral cortex, bipolar neurons in the retina, and unipolar neurons usually in the embryonic stage.

hard

3. A neurobiologist measures the electrical potential across an isolated axon. When tetrodotoxin (a selective blocker of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels) is applied to the axon and a threshold electrical stimulus is given, which of the following will be observed?

  1. The membrane depolarizes rapidly to +30 mV but fails to repolarize.
  2. The resting membrane potential becomes zero immediately.
  3. Action potential generation is completely abolished at the stimulation site.
  4. The membrane hyperpolarizes to -90 mV due to sudden K⁺ influx.
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Answer: (C) Action potential generation is completely abolished at the stimulation site.

Generation of an action potential requires the opening of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels, which allows rapid influx of Na⁺ to depolarize the membrane beyond threshold. If voltage-gated Na⁺ channels are blocked, no Na⁺ influx can occur upon stimulation, completely preventing depolarization and abolishing action potential generation.

medium

4. Match the functional areas of the cerebral cortex listed in Column I with their respective characteristics in Column II: Column I (A) Motor area (B) Sensory area (C) Association area Column II (i) Sites responsible for complex functions like intersensory associations, memory and communication (ii) Initiates voluntary muscular contractions (iii) Receives sensory inputs from peripheral receptors

  1. (A)-(ii), (B)-(i), (C)-(iii)
  2. (A)-(i), (B)-(ii), (C)-(iii)
  3. (A)-(iii), (B)-(i), (C)-(ii)
  4. (A)-(ii), (B)-(iii), (C)-(i)
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Answer: (D) (A)-(ii), (B)-(iii), (C)-(i)

In the cerebral cortex, motor areas initiate voluntary movements, sensory areas perceive tactile/sensory information, and large regions that are neither clearly sensory nor motor are association areas, responsible for complex functions like intersensory associations, memory, and communication.

easy

5. Which part of the human brain is the largest and makes up most of its mass?

  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Medulla
  4. Thalamus
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Answer: (A) Cerebrum

The cerebrum forms the major part of the human brain and is divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres.

hard

6. Assertion (A): An impulse is transmitted in only one direction across a chemical synapse. Reason (R): Neurotransmitters are released only from the pre-synaptic terminal and their receptors are on the post-synaptic membrane. Choose the correct option.

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
  3. A is true but R is false
  4. A is false but R is true
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Answer: (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitters lie in the pre-synaptic knob and specific receptors lie on the post-synaptic membrane, so a chemical synapse conducts one way.

easy

7. A canal that passes longitudinally through the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain is known as:

  1. Corpus callosum
  2. Foramen of Monro
  3. Cerebral aqueduct
  4. Central canal of spinal cord
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Answer: (C) Cerebral aqueduct

NCERT states that a canal called the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) passes through the midbrain, connecting the third ventricle of the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle of the hindbrain.

hard

8. At a chemical synapse, the new potential developed in the post-synaptic neuron:

  1. Is always excitatory
  2. Is always inhibitory
  3. Is never developed
  4. May be either excitatory or inhibitory
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Answer: (D) May be either excitatory or inhibitory

Neurotransmitters bind specific receptors on the post-synaptic membrane and open ion channels, allowing ions in. The new potential may be excitatory or inhibitory.

NCERT Class 11

hard

9. Given below are two statements. Statement I: The hypothalamus contains centres that control body temperature. Statement II: The cerebellum contains centres that control respiration and cardiovascular reflexes. Choose the correct answer.

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
  2. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
  3. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
  4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
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Answer: (B) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

The hypothalamus controls body temperature and hunger/thirst. Centres for respiration, cardiovascular reflexes and gastric secretions are in the medulla, not the cerebellum.

medium

10. In the cerebrum, the structure around which the cerebrum wraps and which is a major coordinating centre for sensory and motor signalling is the:

  1. Pons
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Thalamus
  4. Hypothalamus
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Answer: (C) Thalamus

The cerebrum wraps around the thalamus, a major coordinating centre for sensory and motor signalling. The hypothalamus lies at its base.

NCERT Class 11

medium

11. Compared with a chemical synapse, an electrical synapse:

  1. Requires neurotransmitters
  2. Has a large synaptic cleft
  3. Transmits impulses more slowly
  4. Transmits impulses faster
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Answer: (D) Transmits impulses faster

In electrical synapses the pre- and post-synaptic membranes are very close, and current flows directly. Transmission is faster than across a chemical synapse, but such synapses are rare in our system.

NCERT Class 11

easy

12. Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters are found in the:

  1. Synaptic knobs at the axon terminals
  2. Dendrites
  3. Nucleus
  4. Myelin sheath
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Answer: (A) Synaptic knobs at the axon terminals

The axon branches end in bulb-like synaptic knobs with synaptic vesicles containing chemicals called neurotransmitters.

NCERT Class 11

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