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NEET Biotechnology and Its Applications MCQs with answers

223 questions on Biotechnology and Its Applications for NEET 2027, 3 of them from previous NEET papers. Below are 15 to try; tap a question to see its answer and explanation.

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15 sample questions

mediumNEET 2023

1. Restriction endonucleases cut DNA at:

  1. Random positions
  2. Palindromic sequences
  3. Only at ends
  4. Single-stranded regions
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) Palindromic sequences

Cut specific palindromic sequences. EcoRI cuts GAATTC.

Quick tip: Restriction enzymes=molecular scissors. Palindrome reads same on both strands 5'→3'.

NCERT Class 12, Chapter 11, page 196

hardNEET 2022

2. Bt toxin kills insects by:

  1. Poisoning food
  2. Making holes in midgut
  3. Blocking respiration
  4. Affecting nerves
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) Making holes in midgut

Bt toxin activated in alkaline insect gut → pores in midgut epithelium → lysis.

Quick tip: Bt toxin=pro-toxin → activated in alkaline pH → pores in midgut → death. Safe for mammals.

NCERT Class 12, Chapter 12, page 213

easy

3. Starting from one double-stranded DNA molecule, the number of copies of the target sequence after 22 PCR cycles (ideal amplification) is:

  1. 2.1 × 10⁶
  2. 44
  3. 484
  4. 4.19 × 10⁶
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (D) 4.19 × 10⁶

Each cycle doubles the DNA: 2²² = 4.19 × 10⁶ copies.

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4. The processes, including separation and purification, that the product must go through before it is ready for marketing are collectively called:

  1. Transformation
  2. Upstream processing
  3. Gel electrophoresis
  4. Downstream processing
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (D) Downstream processing

Downstream processing includes separation and purification; the product is then formulated with suitable preservatives, and drugs undergo clinical trials and strict quality control.

hard

5. In pBR322, the restriction sites PvuI and PstI are present within the gene for:

  1. ori
  2. Tetracycline resistance (tetR)
  3. rop
  4. Ampicillin resistance (ampR)
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (D) Ampicillin resistance (ampR)

PvuI and PstI sites lie in ampR, while BamHI and SalI lie in tetR; rop codes for proteins involved in plasmid replication.

medium

6. Rosie, the first transgenic cow (1997), produced milk containing:

  1. Alpha-1-antitrypsin
  2. Bt toxin
  3. Human insulin
  4. Human alpha-lactalbumin
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (D) Human alpha-lactalbumin

Rosie produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 grams per litre) containing human alpha-lactalbumin, nutritionally more balanced for human babies than natural cow milk.

NCERT Class 12

easy

7. Starting from one double-stranded DNA molecule, the number of copies of the target sequence after 11 PCR cycles (ideal amplification) is:

  1. 2048
  2. 121
  3. 1024
  4. 22
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (A) 2048

Each cycle doubles the DNA: 2¹¹ = 2048 copies.

hard

8. Assertion (A): Bt cotton plants are resistant to bollworms. Reason (R): Bt cotton plants carry cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis that code for an insecticidal protein. Choose the correct option.

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
  3. A is true but R is false
  4. A is false but R is true
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

The cry genes produce Bt toxin in the plant, which kills bollworm larvae that feed on it.

easy

9. Starting from one double-stranded DNA molecule, the number of copies of the target sequence after 13 PCR cycles (ideal amplification) is:

  1. 4096
  2. 8192
  3. 26
  4. 169
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) 8192

Each cycle doubles the DNA: 2¹³ = 8192 copies.

hard

10. Which of the following modifications distinguishes a sparged stirred-tank bioreactor from a simple stirred-tank bioreactor?

  1. A flat-bladed impeller providing laminar flow
  2. An absence of foam-breaking mechanisms to preserve culture density
  3. A sterile air bubble distribution system that increases oxygen transfer surface area
  4. A closed cooling jacket that entirely prevents temperature fluctuations
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (C) A sterile air bubble distribution system that increases oxygen transfer surface area

In a sparged stirred-tank bioreactor, sterile air or oxygen is bubbled through the medium using a sparger. This creates numerous tiny air bubbles that dramatically increase the surface area available for oxygen transfer to the aerobic cells.

hard

11. In the vector pBR322, if a foreign DNA is ligated at the BamHI site of the tetracycline-resistance gene, the recombinant plasmids will:

  1. Lose both resistances
  2. Lose ampicillin resistance but retain tetracycline resistance
  3. Lose tetracycline resistance but retain ampicillin resistance
  4. Retain both resistances
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (C) Lose tetracycline resistance but retain ampicillin resistance

Insertion at BamHI inactivates tetR (insertional inactivation); transformants grow on ampicillin but not on tetracycline medium, distinguishing recombinants.

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12. Consider the following statements regarding downstream processing: Statement I: Downstream processing involves separation and purification of the product synthesized in the bioreactor. Statement II: Formulated products undergo clinical trials and quality control testing, which vary from product to product. Choose the correct option:

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
  2. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
  3. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
  4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

Both statements are accurate according to NCERT. Downstream processing strictly encompasses separation and purification, followed by formulation with suitable preservatives, clinical trials (for drugs), and stringent quality control testing.

hard

13. In a PCR setup, a student carried out 30 cycles of amplification. If the initial reaction mixture contained 4 double-stranded target DNA molecules, how many double-stranded DNA molecules are expected at the end of the reaction, assuming 100% amplification efficiency?

  1. 4 × 30
  2. 4 × 2³⁰
  3. 2³⁰
  4. 30⁴
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) 4 × 2³⁰

In PCR, the number of double-stranded DNA molecules doubles after each cycle according to the formula N = N₀ × 2ⁿ, where N₀ is the initial number of template molecules and n is the number of cycles. Here N₀ = 4 and n = 30, so the total yield is 4 × 2³⁰ molecules.

medium

14. Retroviruses in animals can transform normal cells into cancerous cells. In biotechnology, they are used as vectors after they are:

  1. Converted into plasmids of E. coli
  2. Made more virulent
  3. Disarmed, to deliver desirable genes into animal cells
  4. Killed completely
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (C) Disarmed, to deliver desirable genes into animal cells

Disarmed retroviruses are used to deliver desirable genes into animal cells.

easy

15. Starting from one double-stranded DNA molecule, the number of copies of the target sequence after 9 PCR cycles (ideal amplification) is:

  1. 18
  2. 512
  3. 81
  4. 256
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) 512

Each cycle doubles the DNA: 2⁹ = 512 copies.

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