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NEET Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants MCQs with answers

347 questions on Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants for NEET 2027, 1 of them from previous NEET papers. Below are 15 to try; tap a question to see its answer and explanation.

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15 sample questions

mediumNEET 2021

1. Trachea is lined by:

  1. Squamous epithelium
  2. Cuboidal epithelium
  3. Columnar epithelium
  4. Ciliated epithelium
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (D) Ciliated epithelium

Ciliated columnar epithelium in trachea. Cilia sweep mucus upward.

Quick tip: Trachea=ciliated (sweeps mucus up). Alveoli=squamous (thin for gas exchange). Intestine=columnar.

NCERT Class 11, Chapter 7, page 103

easy

2. Match the terms in Column I with their corresponding descriptions in Column II: Column I (A) Epiphyllous stamens (B) Monadelphous condition (C) Diadelphous condition (D) Polyadelphous condition Column II (i) Citrus (ii) Pea (iii) China rose (iv) Lily

  1. A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(i)
  2. A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i)
  3. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)
  4. A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv)
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i)

Epiphyllous stamens occur in Lily (stamens attached to perianth). Stamens are united into one bundle (monadelphous) in China rose, two bundles (diadelphous) in Pea, and into more than two bundles (polyadelphous) in Citrus.

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3. Consider the following four statements (A-D) regarding stem anatomy: (A) Collenchyma forms the hypodermis in dicot stems. (B) Monocot stems have sclerenchymatous hypodermis and scattered closed vascular bundles. (C) Dicot stems have open vascular bundles arranged in a broken concentric network without pith. (D) Phloem parenchyma is absent in most monocotyledonous stems. Which of the above statements are correct?

  1. (A), (B), and (D)
  2. (A), (C), and (D)
  3. (B) and (C) only
  4. (A) and (D) only
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (A) (A), (B), and (D)

Statements (A), (B), and (D) are correct. In dicot stems, vascular bundles are arranged in a regular ring around a well-developed central pith (making statement C incorrect). Monocots lack phloem parenchyma and have scattered, closed vascular bundles surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath.

hard

4. Identify the medicinal plant from family Leguminosae that is widely cultivated and used as a demulcent and expectorant:

  1. Aloe vera
  2. Atropa belladonna
  3. Glycyrrhiza glabra
  4. Withania somnifera
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (C) Glycyrrhiza glabra

Glycyrrhiza glabra (mulaithi) is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Leguminosae (Papilionoideae), widely utilized as a soothing demulcent and expectorant. Belladonna and Ashwagandha belong to Solanaceae, while Aloe belongs to Liliaceae.

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5. In the family Fabaceae, the fruit is a:

  1. Caryopsis
  2. Siliqua
  3. Cypsela
  4. Legume (pod)
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (D) Legume (pod)

Fabaceae has a legume (pod); seeds are one to many and non-endospermic.

easy

6. In family Malvaceae, the anthers possess a single lobe (monothecous) and the pollen grains are typically:

  1. Smooth-walled and triangular
  2. Spiny and multiporate
  3. Winged and monosulcate
  4. Smooth-walled and bisulcate
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) Spiny and multiporate

Members of family Malvaceae characteristically have reniform, monothecous anthers containing large, spherical pollen grains that are echinate (spiny) and multiporate. This ornamentation aids in adherence to insect bodies for entomophilous pollination.

hard

7. In a monocot seed such as maize, the plumule and radicle are enclosed in sheaths called, respectively:

  1. Testa and tegmen
  2. Coleoptile and coleorhiza
  3. Coleorhiza and coleoptile
  4. Scutellum and aleurone
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) Coleoptile and coleorhiza

The maize embryo has one large cotyledon called the scutellum. The plumule is enclosed in the coleoptile and the radicle in the coleorhiza.

NCERT Class 11

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8. Which plant belongs to Compositae (Asteraceae)?

  1. Rice
  2. Marigold
  3. Mustard
  4. Okra
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) Marigold

Marigold, sunflower, safflower and lettuce belong to Compositae. Mustard is a crucifer, okra belongs to Malvaceae and rice is a grass.

NCERT Class 11

easy

9. Roots that come above the ground to obtain oxygen for respiration in mangroves such as Rhizophora are:

  1. Stilt roots
  2. Pneumatophores
  3. Fibrous roots
  4. Prop roots
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) Pneumatophores

Plants in swampy areas such as Rhizophora have pneumatophores, roots that grow vertically upward to obtain oxygen. Prop roots occur in banyan and stilt roots in maize and sugarcane.

NCERT Class 11

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10. Feathery stigmas and versatile anthers in grasses are adaptations for:

  1. Insect pollination
  2. Water pollination
  3. Self-pollination only
  4. Wind pollination
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (D) Wind pollination

Grass flowers are wind pollinated. Versatile anthers swing freely to release pollen, and large feathery stigmas trap airborne pollen.

NCERT Class 11

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11. Match the animal tissues in Column I with their corresponding structural characteristics in Column II: Column I: (A) Tendon (B) Dense irregular connective tissue (C) Hyaline matrix of bone (D) Areolar tissue Column II: (1) Serves as a support framework for epithelium (2) Collagen fibres present in rows between parallel bundles of fibres (3) Fibroblasts and many fibres oriented differently (4) Rich in calcium salts and collagen fibres

  1. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
  2. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
  3. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
  4. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (D) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

Tendons are dense regular connective tissues having collagen fibres in parallel bundles. Dense irregular tissue has fibroblasts and fibres oriented differently (found in skin). Bone has a hard, non-pliable matrix rich in calcium salts and collagen fibres. Areolar tissue is loose connective tissue beneath skin that acts as a support framework for epithelium.

easy

12. The typical fruit developed in plants belonging to the family Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) is known as:

  1. Legume
  2. Caryopsis
  3. Siliqua
  4. Cypsela
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (C) Siliqua

Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) characteristically produces a dehiscent fruit called a siliqua (or a shorter silicula), which splits from below upwards along two sutures leaving a false septum called the replum.

hard

13. Read the following statements regarding the nervous and sensory systems of frogs: Statement A: Frog possesses a forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain with a total of 10 pairs of cranial nerves. Statement B: Eyes of the frog are simple units possessing cellular units known as ommatidia. Statement C: The midbrain of a frog is characterized by a pair of optic lobes. Statement D: The hindbrain consists of cerebellum and medulla oblongata, which passes out through the foramen magnum. How many of the above statements are true?

  1. One
  2. Two
  3. Three
  4. Four
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (C) Three

Statements A, C, and D are true. Statement B is false because ommatidia are photoreceptor units of compound eyes found in arthropods like cockroaches; frogs have simple, single-lens camera-type eyes without ommatidia.

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14. Which among the following pairs correctly matches an economically important plant with its family and primary utility?

  1. Brassica oleracea var. botrytis – Cruciferae – Edible oil extracted from root
  2. Corchorus capsularis – Malvaceae – Stem bast fibre
  3. Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium – Compositae – Natural herbicide
  4. Triticum aestivum – Gramineae – Tap root source of starch
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (B) Corchorus capsularis – Malvaceae – Stem bast fibre

Corchorus (jute) belongs to Malvaceae (formerly Tiliaceae) and is cultivated for its bast fibres obtained from the secondary phloem of stems. Brassica oleracea var. botrytis provides edible inflorescence (cauliflower), and Chrysanthemum yields pyrethrin (an insecticide).

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15. Radish, cabbage and cauliflower belong to the family:

  1. Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)
  2. Leguminosae
  3. Malvaceae
  4. Compositae
Show answer and explanation

Answer: (A) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)

Raphanus (radish) and Brassica oleracea varieties (cabbage, cauliflower) are crucifers.

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