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Families: Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Compositae and Gramineae: NEET MCQs with answers

100 questions on this topic of Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants (NEET 2027 syllabus). Here are 12; tap one to see its answer and explanation.

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easy

1. Which among the following plants of family Malvaceae is commercially cultivated as a source of blast (stem) fibre used for cordage and sacking?

  1. Abelmoschus esculentus
  2. Gossypium hirsutum
  3. Althaea rosea
  4. Hibiscus sabdariffa
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Answer: (D) Hibiscus sabdariffa

Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle/Patwa) and Hibiscus cannabinus (Kenaf) are well-known members of Malvaceae cultivated commercially for stem bast fibres used in making ropes, burlap, and sacking. Gossypium provides surface seed fibres.

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2. Consider the following statements regarding the family Compositae (Asteraceae): Statement I: The inflorescence is a capitulum or head surrounded by an involucre of bracts. Statement II: The fruit is a caryopsis with a single seed fused completely to the pericarp. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
  2. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
  3. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
  4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
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Answer: (B) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

Statement I is correct because Compositae typically bears a racemose capitulum surrounded by an involucre of phyllaries. Statement II is incorrect because the characteristic fruit of Compositae is a cypsela (an achenial fruit), whereas caryopsis is the fruit of Gramineae.

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3. In grasses (Gramineae), the minute scale-like structures that represent the perianth are called:

  1. Lodicules
  2. Lemma
  3. Palea
  4. Glumes
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Answer: (A) Lodicules

Grass florets are enclosed by a lemma and palea within spikelets subtended by glumes. Lodicules are two or three small scales representing the perianth that help open the floret.

NCERT Class 11

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4. Read the following five characteristics carefully: (a) Monocarpellary superior ovary (b) Marginal placentation (c) Diadelphous or rarely monadelphous androecium (d) Endospermic seeds predominantly (e) Root nodules containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria How many of these characteristics are typical for the family Leguminosae (subfamily Papilionoideae)?

  1. Two
  2. Three
  3. Four
  4. Five
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Answer: (C) Four

Statements (a), (b), (c), and (e) are characteristic features of Leguminosae (subfamily Papilionoideae). Statement (d) is incorrect because seeds in Leguminosae are non-endospermic (exalbuminous). Thus, four characteristics are correct.

easy

5. A plant shows parallel venation, ligulate sheathing leaves, trimerous reduced flowers enclosed within bracts named lemma and palea, and feathery stigmas. This plant belongs to:

  1. Compositae
  2. Cruciferae
  3. Malvaceae
  4. Gramineae
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Answer: (D) Gramineae

The family Gramineae (Poaceae) is distinguished by parallel venation, sheathing leaf bases with ligules, florets protected by specialized bracts called lemma and palea, reduced perianth (lodicules), and feathery stigmas adapted for wind pollination.

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6. In a sunflower head, the disc florets are typically:

  1. Actinomorphic, tubular and bisexual
  2. Zygomorphic, ligulate and neuter
  3. Unisexual male only
  4. Without corolla
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Answer: (A) Actinomorphic, tubular and bisexual

Central disc florets are tubular, regular and bisexual; peripheral ray florets are ligulate and zygomorphic.

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7. Gram, arhar, moong and soybean, important sources of pulses, belong to:

  1. Cruciferae
  2. Gramineae
  3. Compositae
  4. Leguminosae
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Answer: (D) Leguminosae

Pulses such as gram, arhar, moong and soybean belong to Leguminosae (Fabaceae). Soybean and groundnut also give edible oil.

NCERT Class 11

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8. Which among the following plants yields a famous timber known as 'Indian Rosewood' and belongs to the sub-family Papilionoideae (Fabaceae)?

  1. Dalbergia sissoo
  2. Crotalaria juncea
  3. Indigofera tinctoria
  4. Sesbania grandiflora
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Answer: (A) Dalbergia sissoo

Dalbergia sissoo (commonly known as Shisham or Indian Rosewood) is a member of Fabaceae (Papilionoideae) and is highly valued for high-grade furniture and construction timber.

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9. Given below are two statements: Assertion (A): Plants of the family Leguminosae enrich nitrogen content in the soil. Reason (R): Their roots characteristically possess nodules containing symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer:

  1. Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is incorrect
  2. Assertion (A) is incorrect, but Reason (R) is correct
  3. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
  4. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
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Answer: (C) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A)

Leguminous plants harbor symbiotic Rhizobium species in their root nodules, which fix gaseous atmospheric nitrogen into assimilable forms, replenishing soil nitrogen upon decay. Thus, both statements are correct and Reason correctly explains Assertion.

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10. A capitulum (head) inflorescence with ray and disc florets is found in:

  1. Sunflower
  2. Mustard
  3. Pea
  4. Wheat
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Answer: (A) Sunflower

Sunflower and marigold (Compositae) have a capitulum, in which many sessile florets sit on a flattened receptacle surrounded by involucral bracts.

NCERT Class 11

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11. Assertion (A): Leguminous crops are grown in rotation with cereals. Reason (R): Legume flowers are always actinomorphic. Choose the correct option.

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
  3. A is true but R is false
  4. A is false but R is true
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Answer: (C) A is true but R is false

Legumes enrich soil nitrogen through root nodules. Their flowers are zygomorphic in Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae; only Mimosoideae flowers are actinomorphic.

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12. Okra (lady's finger) and China rose belong to the family:

  1. Cruciferae
  2. Gramineae
  3. Malvaceae
  4. Leguminosae
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Answer: (C) Malvaceae

Okra, cotton and China rose belong to Malvaceae, with an epicalyx, twisted aestivation, monadelphous stamens and axile placentation.

NCERT Class 11

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